Magnetorquers

Tier Legend

Tier	Meaning
⚪	Representative or simplified magnetorquer layout/defaults.
🔵	Axis/layout and dipole authority are traceable or explicitly stated.
🟣	Blue-tier information plus source-backed actuator noise or uncertainty defaults.
🟡	Purple-tier information plus source-backed actuator bias/error model defaults.

Tier	Model	Factory	Documentation	Source	Missions	Notes
🔵	BRITE air-core coils	create_gnb_air_core_magnetorquers	Factory	USU DigitalCommons	BRITE-Austria	Preliminary design dipole; not flight-calibrated.
⚪	ISIS Magnetorquer Board	create_isis_magnetorquer_board	Factory		BeaverCube 1, BeaverCube 2	3-axis layout + defaults.
🔵	LightSail 2 torque rods	create_stras_space_torque_rods	Factory	doi:10.1016/j.asr.2020.06.029	LightSail 2	3-axis rods; dipole known.
🔵	ESTCube-1 electromagnetic coils	create_estcube1_magnetorquers	Factory	ScienceDirect	ESTCube-1	Body-axis coils; nominal dipole.
🔵	MOVE-II PCB magnetorquers	create_moveii_pcb_magnetorquers	Factory	EUCASS	MOVE-II	Equivalent 3-axis PCB coils.